⚖️ Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)

Agrees on the obligation of five prayers. Has specific time calculations that slightly differ for Asr (uses shadow length of 2x the object vs. 1x used by others).

Allows combining only at Arafat and Muzdalifah (during Hajj). Outside of Hajj, combining is not allowed; shortening (qasr) is allowed.

Includes flowing blood or pus from the body and vomiting a mouthful as nullifiers.

Intention must be made before Fajr for obligatory fasts. Unintentional eating or drinking does not break the fast.

Uses the silver nisab as the primary standard, which is generally lower than gold. This is considered more beneficial for the poor.

A woman can contract her own marriage without a wali if she is of sound mind and mature age.

Considers all aquatic animals except fish to be impermissible. Insects are not permissible.

Verbal intention is recommended (mustahabb) for prayer and Hajj. For fasting, the intention must be made before Fajr.

Requires a minimum number of people (varies: 3 to 40 according to different opinions). Women are exempt but may attend.

Riba applies to six items mentioned in hadith: gold, silver, wheat, barley, dates, salt. Extends by analogy to all items sold by weight or measure.

Agrees on the obligation of five prayers. Has specific time calculations that slightly differ for Asr (uses shadow length of 2x the object vs. 1x used by others).

Allows combining only at Arafat and Muzdalifah (during Hajj). Outside of Hajj, combining is not allowed; shortening (qasr) is allowed.

Includes flowing blood or pus from the body and vomiting a mouthful as nullifiers.

Intention must be made before Fajr for obligatory fasts. Unintentional eating or drinking does not break the fast.

Uses the silver nisab as the primary standard, which is generally lower than gold. This is considered more beneficial for the poor.

A woman can contract her own marriage without a wali if she is of sound mind and mature age.

Considers all aquatic animals except fish to be impermissible. Insects are not permissible.

Verbal intention is recommended (mustahabb) for prayer and Hajj. For fasting, the intention must be made before Fajr.

Requires a minimum number of people (varies: 3 to 40 according to different opinions). Women are exempt but may attend.

Riba applies to six items mentioned in hadith: gold, silver, wheat, barley, dates, salt. Extends by analogy to all items sold by weight or measure.

Hanafi school emphasizes that qada prayers must be performed in order (tartib), and if many prayers are missed, one should begin with the oldest. The intention should specify which prayer is being made up.

Hanafi school considers Witr wajib (obligatory) and emphasizes performing it with three rakats. It should not be abandoned, and if missed, must be made up during the day.

Hanafi school strongly emphasizes the rawatib and considers them part of the perfection of the prayer. Abandoning them without excuse is disliked (makruh).

Hanafi school permits prayer while sitting and allows modifications to bowing and prostration movements, though the basic structure should be maintained as much as possible.

Hanafi school strongly encourages congregational prayer for men and considers it mustahabb. The multiplied reward is emphasized, though technically it is not wajib except for Jumu'ah.

Hanafi school permits praying in clean shoes and considers it permissible based on the Prophet's practice, though removing them in mosques is preferred.

Hanafi school invalidates prayer if najasah is present on clothing, regardless of size, requiring the prayer to be repeated after purification.

Hanafi school considers the sutrah mustahabb and recommends having one that is at least as high as a walking stick. Its absence does not invalidate prayer.

Hanafi school traditionally uses specific shadow length calculations for Asr and emphasizes the importance of accurate astronomical observation.

Hanafi school considers prayer in a place with images makruh, especially if the images are directly in front of the praying person or depict animate creatures.

Zakat is due on all gold and silver exceeding the nisab threshold, regardless of whether it is worn or hoarded, as the form does not remove the obligation of zakat on precious metals.

Zakat on inventory is calculated at fair market value as of the zakat year end, and is obligatory on all merchants holding goods for sale, regardless of turnover rate.

One sa' of wheat, barley, dates, or raisins per person is obligatory; the monetary value is calculated based on local grain prices, not market food prices.

Qard hasan is a transaction of trust; if no specific time is set for repayment, the lender cannot demand it immediately but should allow reasonable time; both parties must be competent adults.

The mudharabah contract requires clear specification of the profit ratio; the capital provider bears all losses while the worker is not responsible for loss unless there is negligence or breach of contract.

Selling before possession is generally prohibited; however, salam contracts are permissible where the buyer pays for goods to be delivered later with specific terms agreed.

Conventional insurance involves prohibited riba and gharar; Takaful on mutual cooperation basis is acceptable if structured without interest and unclear terms.

Cryptocurrencies may be treated as commodities if they have recognized utility and value; trading them is permissible if not engaged in excessive speculation or gambling-like behavior.

Working in banks dealing with riba is impermissible as it constitutes assisting in forbidden transactions; only administrative roles with no involvement in interest dealings may be considered with reluctance.

Stock investment is permissible in halal companies; investors should avoid companies with significant riba involvement or haram products, though minor dealings may be tolerated.

Impure water is absolutely forbidden for wudu and ghusl; it invalidates both. Only tahir (intrinsically pure) or mutahhar (purified) water is acceptable.

Tahir water is pristine and preferred; mutahhar water (like rainwater that touched najasah then was diluted) is permissible if it has returned to its natural state of purity.

Ghusl is obligatory for sexual intercourse (with or without ejaculation), ejaculation of semen due to arousal or wet dreams, end of menstruation, and end of postpartum bleeding.

Tayammum is valid when water is unavailable, inaccessible, or when using it would cause physical harm. It requires intention and must be performed with clean earth or dust.

Wiping over khuffs is valid for one day and night from the time of first wiping. A traveler may wipe for three days and nights. The khuffs must have been worn after achieving wudu.

If a wound is covered with a bandage that cannot be removed without harm, wiping over it in ablution is sufficient. If it can be removed without detriment, the area must be washed and the bandage replaced.

Najasah must be removed by washing the affected area of clothing. Prayer performed while knowingly carrying najasah is invalid. If unaware, the prayer is valid but should be repeated after cleaning.

Dog saliva is najasah; if it touches a person or object, the affected area must be washed seven times with water, one of which should include washing with earth or soil.

If semen is discharged during a wet dream, ghusl is obligatory. If only fluid is released without semen, or if there is doubt about whether semen was discharged, only wudu is needed.

Prayer and fasting are forbidden during menstruation; both are invalid if performed. Ghusl is obligatory upon the end of menstruation before prayer can resume. Missed fasts must be made up; missed prayers are not made up.